Liechtenstein Solar Report

Gain comprehensive insights into the statistics and metrics surrounding the solar production industry in Liechtenstein

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  7. Statistikportal Liechtenstein,ย  (2023), Energy consumption and imports โ€“ comparison of the years 2023 and 2022, Retrieved on 5 December 2024 from https://www.statistikportal.li/statistikportal/publications/551-energie/2023/01/1/551.2023.01.1_02_energie-2023-tabellen.xlsx.
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  9. Solargenossenschaft,ย  (nd), How can we use solar energy, Retrieved on 9 December 2024 from https://solargenossenschaft.li/energiewende/sonne/.
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  13. Solargenossenschaft,ย  (August 2024), Six PV systems of the solar cooperative in Triesen under construction, Retrieved on 9 December 2024 from https://solargenossenschaft.li/energiewende/sonne/.
  14. World Salaries, (2024), Average Solar Energy Systems Engineer Salary in Liechtenstein, Retrieved on 8 December 2024 fromย  https://worldsalaries.com/average-solar-energy-systems-engineer-salary-in-liechtenstein/.
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  27. LKW, (nd), Photovoltaics, Retrieved on 9 December 2024 fromย  https://www.lkw.li/angebot-und-leistungen/installation/photovoltaik.html.

Key points

  • All figures have been converted into USD

Yearly sunshine (sun hours per year)

Sunshine Duration

The average yearly sunshine duration in Liechtenstein is 1679 hours which is equivalent to 4.6 hours daily. 1

Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI): Liechtenstein receives an average of 1059.0 kWh/mยฒ of global horizontal irradiation annually, indicating strong overall solar energy potential. 2

Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI): Liechtenstein receives an average of 949.0 kWh/mยฒ of direct normal irradiation per year, ideal for concentrating solar power systems.2

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kWh per kWp installed

Liechtenstein’s average yearly photovoltaic power potential is 1095.0 kWh/kWp, making it highly suitable for solar energy generation. 2

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Average cost per kWh from utility company

The residential electricity cost of electricity in Liechtenstein was USD 0.389 per kWh, while business electricity cost wasย  USD 0.258 per kWh in March 2024.3

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Reliability of electrical power supply grid

SAIFI:

In 2019, the Liechtenstein System’s Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) was 0.01 interruptions per customer. 4

SAIDI:

In the same year, the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) for Liechtenstein was 0.08 minutes on average for each customer.5

Electricity Access:

Liechtenstein has provided electricity to 100% of its population since 1990. 6

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Detailed Information

  • All figures have been converted into USD

    • Total solar panel production capacity (installed)

    According to the National Administration Principality of Liechtenstein, the total solar panel installed capacity of Liechtenstein was 60.173 MWp whose production capacity was 45,950 MWh in the year 2023.78

    Total solar panel production capacity (projected)

    Research estimated that the total solar potential of Liechtenstein is 535 GWh per year. Under Energy Vision 2050 Liechtenstein Government is aiming to achieve 250 to 360 GWh by the year 2050.9

    The goal of Liechtensteinische Kraftwerke (LKW) is to triple the current photovoltaic capacity by adding 5 MWp (megawatt peak) per year. 10

    At this rate, the Solar installed capacity in Liechtenstein in 2030 would be approximately 95.17ย  MWp.

    Average costs of various electricity generation sources (coal, natural gas, solar, etc)

    This data is not publicly available.

    Percentages of various electricity generation sources (coal, natural gas, solar, etc)

    Liechtenstein boasts a diverse energy mix, with renewable energy sources dominating at 68.69%. Hydropower is the leading contributor, generating 54.54% of the country’s electricity, followed by solar energy at 8.26% and wind energy at 5.90%. While nuclear energy contributes 11.15% and natural gas 0.67%, a significant 19.49% of the energy supply remains unverifiable, likely stemming from electricity imports with unclear origins. 11

    Energy source Percentage
    Hydropower 54.54%
    Unverifiable Energies** 19.49%
    Other Energies 11.82%
    Nuclear Energy 11.15%
    Solar Energy 8.26%
    Wind Energy 5.90%
    Natural Gas (CHP) 0.67%

    ** Unverifiable energy indicates that the source is unknown as electricity is imported from other countries.

    Projected Renewable Energy: 10

    Liechtenstein Energy Vision 2030 aims to achieve 30% of its energy, produced from renewable energies.

    The Energy Vision 2050 aims for a 40% reduction in energy demand, produce 100% of its energy from renewable energy sources, and complete CO2 emissions elimination.

    Average daily availability of electricity from the national grid (measured in hours)

    Very low values of SAIFI (0.01) and SAIDI (0.08)ย  indices indicate that electricity from the grid in Liechtenstein is highly reliable and available for 24 hours. 45

    Number of residential solar panel installations

    The National Administration Principality of Liechtenstein estimated that there wereย  2,899 solar installations in Liechtenstein in 2023.7

    Total number of solar farms (installed and projected)

    Installed: Liechtenstein Kraftwerke (LKW) official website indicates that there are 18 photovoltaic systems operational in Liechtenstein. 12

    Projected: 6 PV systems having a total output of 350 KWp are under construction on the roofs of the municipality of Triesen. 13

    Off-grid market demand for solar panels (current and projected)

    Current: According to the National Administration Principality of Liechtenstein Off-Grid PV installations in Liechtenstein were 22.02 MW in 2023.7

    Projected: Linear Regression models predicted that the Off-Grid installed capacity in Liechtenstein in 2030 will be 30 MW.

    On-grid market demand for solar panels (current and projected)

    According to the National Administration Principality of Liechtenstein On-Grid PV installations in Liechtenstein were 38.15 MW in 2023. 7

    Projected: Linear Regression models predicted that the On-Grid installed capacity in Liechtenstein in 2030 will be 47 MW.

    Average monthly income of workers in solar industry (labor cost)

    The Average monthly salary of a Solar Energy Systems Engineer in Liechtenstein is 5,946.84 USD. 14

    Population of the country

    According to the latest estimates from the United Nations, Liechtenstein’s population is approximately 40,000 people, with a population density of 249 people per Km2. (December 2024)

    Liechtenstein is a small, landlocked country nestled between Austria and Switzerland in Central Europe. It is the fourth-smallest country in Europe and the sixth-smallest in the world, with an area of just over 160 square kilometers. 15

    Average overhead costs of solar panel production (with a brief breakdown)

    Estimate for Factory Rent:

    The average monthly rent for manufacturing rooms in Liechtenstein is 5 USD/ m2/month. 16

    Industrial Electricity Rates: For business electricity cost isย  USD 0.258/ KWh (March 2024).3

    Water Costs:

    Water tariff in Liechtenstein (USD/m3):17

    • GWO municipalities (Balzers, Triesen, Triesenberg, Schaan): 0.95 USD/m3
    • Vaduz: 0.68 USD/m3
    • WLU: 1.07 USD/m3

    Key Components of Administrative Costs

    Salaries and Wages:

    The Average monthly salary of a Solar Energy Systems Engineer in Liechtenstein is 5,946.84 USD. 14

    Rent for Office Space

    The average office space rent in Liechtenstein is 25 USD/ mยฒ /month. 18

    A summary of the energy infrastructure

    7

    • Total generation:125,494 MWh of electricity is produced from domestic sources and 275,958 MWh of electricity is imported from the neighboring countries.
    • Total consumption: 401,452 MWh
    • Per capita consumption: 28.7MWh

    Generation mix:

    Hydropower is the leading contributor, generating 54.54% of the country’s electricity, followed by solar energy at 8.26% and wind energy at 5.90%. While nuclear energy contributes 11.15% and natural gas 0.67%, a significant 19.49% of the energy supply remains unverifiable, likely stemming from electricity imports with unclear origins. 11

    Leading players:

    Liechtensteinische Kraftwerke (LKW)

    The primary power company of Liechtenstein, LKW operates the country’s power stations, maintains the electric grid, and provides related services. LKW is a state-owned company that installs, owns, and operates the national power grid infrastructure. 19

    Transmission & Distribution

    The Principality of Liechtenstein is connected to Austria via one 110 kV line and to Switzerland through four 110 kV lines, with substations in Balzers, Eschen, Schaan, and Triesen. Electricity distribution within Liechtenstein utilizes: 19

    • Approximatelyย 300 kmย of 10 kV lines.
    • Aย 400 V three-phase low-voltage networkย spanning aboutย 1500 km, supported by overย 260 transformer stations.

    Major power plants:

    Hydropower: ย Liechtenstein generates about 18% of its electricity through its 12 hydroelectric power plants, producing approximately 72,000 MWh annually. 12

    Samina Power Station 20

    • Location: Vaduz
    • Type: Pumped-storage
    • Capacity: 15 MW

    Lawena Power Station 20

    • Location: Lawena Valley, Triesen
    • Type: Run-of-the-river
    • Capacity: 3.8 MW

    Mรผhleholzquellen Hydroelectric Power Plant 21

    • Location: Near Vaduz
    • Type: Conventional hydroelectric
    • Capacity: Approximately 7,000 kWh daily (equivalent to about 650 households)

    Other hydropower plants operating in Liechtenstein are the following:ย  12

    Power Plant Location Year Operational Annual Production (MWh) Households Supplied
    Schlosswald Vaduz 1995 2,000 447
    Letzana Triesen 2003 683 152
    Steia Nendeln 2000 223 50
    Schaaner Quellen Schaan 2010 111 25
    Maree Vaduz 2006 89 20
    Stieg Vaduz – 52 12
    Wissa Stรค Planken 2008 50 11
    Wasserchรถpfquellen Malbun – 21 5
    Meierhof Triesen 2012 15 3
    Kopfquellen Balzers 2015 10 2

    Energy Imports:

    The electricity supply in Liechtenstein is heavily reliant on imports, with 75% of its power coming from external sources and only 25% generated locally. 22

    Some of the government regulations surrounding solar panel production

    2324

    Liechtenstein has established a framework of regulations and standards governing the production and certification of solar panels, aligning with broader European Union directives.

    International Standards: Must adhere to organizations like the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for performance, safety, and quality.

    • Examples: IEC 61215 (design qualification) and IEC 61730 (safety requirements)

    Testing Conditions:

    • Rigorous testing for mechanical load, fire resistance, and electrical safety.
    • Conducted by independent labs (e.g., TรœV SรœD, TรœV Rheinland) to ensure real-world durability

    Government initiatives in solar panel production (includes investments and subsidies)

    Liechtenstein incentivizes solar power generation through a feed-in tariff (FIT) scheme. This scheme guarantees that PV system operators receive payment from the grid operator for any electricity they export to the grid. 25

    Photovoltaic Funding Programs in Liechtenstein: 26

    In Liechtenstein, the public can avail of the following funding for solar panel installation:

    State Funding:

    • Rooftop PV: Up to USD 598/kWp
    • New Building Rooftop PV: Up to USD 460/kWp
    • Facade PV: Up to USD 690/kWp

    Municipal Funding: Up to USD 9,200 per project, matching state funding.

    Notable solar projects in the country (installed and projected)

    Some notable solar projects operational in Liechtenstein are the following:27

    • Tennishalle Grรผndenmoos (SG): Installed capacity is 112 kWp
    • Schaan Postal Logistics Center: Installed capacity is 86 kWp
    • Commercial building Balzers: Installed capacity is 80 kWp
    • Balzers depot: Installed capacity is 70 kWp
    • Agricultural building Triesen: Installed capacity is 40 kWp
    • Commercial building Vaduz: Installed capacity is 40 kWp
    • Commercial building Schaanwald: Installed capacity is 36 kWp
    • Commercial building Triesen: Installed capacity is 30 kWp
    • Apartment building Triesenberg: Installed capacity is 13 kWp
    • Mauren municipal administration: Installed capacity is 11 kWp

    Projected Solar Projects:

    6 PV systems having a total output of 350 KWp are under construction on the roofs of the municipality of Triesen. The specific locations and capacities of the installations are as follows. 13

    • Sportplatz Blumenau Garderobengebรคude: 73.39 kW
    • Sportplatz Blumenau Tribรผnengebรคude: 22.96 kW
    • Feuerwehrdepot: 120.95 kW
    • Waschanlage Werkhof: 16.81 kW
    • Gemeindezentrum, Rathaus neuer Teil: 50.84 kW
    • Gemeindezentrum, ร„rztehaus Drรถschistrasse: at least 65.28 kW (integrated roof system with Swiss modules and European inverters)

    Some of the notable solar companies (plus brief details on what they do)

    MachinesEquipments: Machinesequipments is a company that provides solar panel products in Liechtenstein. They are a manufacturer, supplier, and exporter of solar panels, solar system products, solar power plants, solar lights, and solar batteries

    Website: https://www.machinesequipments.com/liechtenstein/solar-system-products/solar-panel

    Sun-Contracting: Sun-Contracting specializes in photovoltaic (PV) contracting, allowing businesses to utilize solar energy without upfront costs. They manage the entire process, including planning, installation, and maintenance, through a land use agreement. This model enables clients to reduce fixed costs while benefiting from renewable energy. Sun Contracting emphasizes sustainability and provides ongoing support to ensure long-term system performance.

    Website: https://www.sun-contracting.com/

    Hilti: Hilti is constructing the largest solar installation in Schaan, Liechtenstein featuring over 4,600 solar modules with a total output of approximately 1.7 MWp. The installation will generate about 1,800 MWh of solar power annually, enough to supply energy for around 720 households. This initiative is part of Hilti’s commitment to sustainability and aims to cover about 10% of its headquarters’ electricity demand.

    Website:https://www.hilti.group/content/hilti/CP/XX/en/company/media-relations/media-releases/largest_solar_installation_liechtenstein.html

    Hansesun : Hansesun is a leading photovoltaic (PV) specialist based in Liechtenstein, with over 10 years of experience in the Lake Constance region. The company focuses on providing efficient and reliable solar power solutions for various applications, including residential homes, multi-family buildings, and industrial sites.

    Website: https://hansesun.li/

    Bรผchel & Hoop: Bรผchel & Hoop is a company based in Liechtenstein that specializes in photovoltaic (PV) systems, offering tailored solutions for households, farmers, and businesses to harness solar energy. They provide comprehensive services that include individual consultation and planning to optimize solar power production.

    Website: https://www.buechel-hoop.li/

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