As of 2023, Ghana’s total installed solar power capacity is 152.3 megawatts (MW). ⁵

Ghana aims to increase its solar capacity to about 1,514 MW by 2030 as part of its renewable energy goals. ⁵

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Solar: The average cost of electricity generation from solar power in Ghana is about USD $0.11 per kWh.

Natural Gas: The cost of electricity generation from natural gas is around USD $0.08 per kWh.

Thermal Power (Heavy Fuel Oil): The average cost of electricity generated from coal in Ghana is approximately USD 0.08 to 0.12 per kWh.

Hydropower: The average cost of electricity generation from hydropower in Ghana is approximately USD $0.04 per kWh.

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Solar: 1.3%
Natural Gas: 62.6%
Thermal (Oil): 6.1%
Hydro: 30%

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Urban Areas: Electricity is available almost 24 hours per day, with no interruption.

Rural Areas: Availability approximately 16 to 20 hours per day, with more frequent outages compared to urban areas

As of 2023, Ghana has seen significant growth in residential solar installation in Ghana, with estimates suggesting over 20,000 installations across the country.^{6 8}

Installed Solar Farms: As of 2023, there are 9 operational solar farms in Ghana. ⁶

Projected Solar Farms: An additional 8 solar farms are planned ⁹

Current Demand: Ghana’s off-grid solar market has seen significant growth, with a current installed capacity of approximately 200 MW. This demand is primarily driven by rural and remote areas lacking access to the national grid. ¹⁰

Projected Demand: The off-grid solar market in Ghana is expected to continue its expansion, with projections indicating an increase to around 500 MW by 2030. This growth is supported by various initiatives and grants aimed at improving energy access and promoting renewable energy solutions in underserved regions. ¹¹

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Current Demand: As of 2023, Ghana’s on-grid solar market demand is around 152 MW of installed capacity.

Projected Demand: By 2030, Ghana aims to increase its on-grid solar capacity significantly, targeting approximately 1,382.7 MW.

Solar Installers: $100-$210 per month ¹²

Electrical Engineers: $250-$420 per month ¹³

Project Managers: $330-$540 per month ¹⁴

As of 2024, the population of Mexico is approximately 34,771,889 people. ¹⁵

Overhead costs in solar panel production typically include several components which are essential for the business’s operation but are not directly tied to the production of goods. ^{16 17 18}

Factory Rent in Ghana

• The average rent for warehouse spaces in Accra, Ghana, varies between $3 to $6.5 per square meter per month, depending on the location and facilities provided. For instance, in Tema, you can find warehouse spaces for $5.5 per square meter per month, including facilities like water, electricity, and security services.

Industrial Electricity Rates

• The industrial electricity rate in Ghana is approximately $0.15 per kWh. This rate includes the costs associated with power generation, distribution, and applicable taxes.

Water Costs

• The cost of water for industrial use in Ghana is around $1.50 per cubic meter (m³). This rate can vary depending on the region and specific usage requirements.

Key Components of Administrative Costs

Salaries and Wages:

• The average annual salary for a Solar Photovoltaic Installer in Ghana is around $12,000, with a range typically between $8,000 and $20,000 depending on experience and specific job roles.

Office Supplies and Equipment:

• The cost for office supplies such as stationery in Ghana ranges from $2 to $20 per item, with professional tools often costing more than $30.

Rent for Office Space:

• The rent for office spaces in Accra ranges from $4 to $14 per square meter per month, depending on the location and amenities provided.

Insurance:

• The average spending per capita in the property insurance market in Ghana is estimated to be around $4.00 in 2024, indicating the importance of protecting business assets.

Mexico’s energy infrastructure is a comprehensive system that includes generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity. Key data points about the infrastructure are as follows: ^{5 19 20}

Total Installed Capacity:

• Ghana’s total installed capacity, including distributed generation, is approximately 5,449.1 MW as of 2023. The dependable capacity stands at 4,975.2 MW.

Electricity Generation:

• In 2023, Ghana’s total electricity generation reached around 23,617 GWh. The generation mix includes significant contributions from thermal (natural gas, oil, and diesel) and hydropower sources.

Electricity Consumption:

• The total electricity consumption in Ghana was projected to be approximately 23,617 GWh for 2023, with a 5.8% increase expected for 2024.

Grid Infrastructure:

• The Ghana Grid Company (GRIDCo) is responsible for the transmission of electricity across the country. The distribution is mainly managed by the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG) and the Northern Electricity Distribution Company (NEDCo). The electricity access rate is 86.63%, with 91% of urban residents and 50% of rural residents connected to the grid.

Clean Energy Transition:

• Ghana has committed to increasing the share of renewable energy in its national energy mix. The Renewable Energy Master Plan aims to achieve a renewable energy capacity of 2,514 MW by 2030, with solar power making up 1,382.7 MW of this targe

Investment in Renewable Energy:

• Significant investments are being made to boost renewable energy capacity. The government has implemented policies such as feed-in tariffs, subsidies, and grants to encourage private sector participation and attract foreign investments in renewable energy projects.

Renewable Energy Act 2011 (Act 832): ¹⁹

• Act promotes the development and utilization of renewable energy resources in Ghana. It provides a framework for investments and includes incentives such as feed-in tariffs to encourage the adoption of renewable energy sources, including solar power.

Net Metering Regulation: ²⁰

• This regulation allows consumers who generate their own electricity from renewable sources (like solar panels) to feed surplus electricity back into the national grid. It is part of the Scaling-Up Renewable Energy Programme (SREP) which aims to implement net-metered solar PV systems for urban and peri-urban electricity consumers.

Energy Sector Recovery Program (ESRP): ²¹

• Initiated in May 2019, this program aims to improve the financial sustainability of Ghana’s energy sector. It includes measures to support distributed generation of solar projects and government-backed solar initiatives to enhance energy access and reliability.

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AfDB Partnership for Rural Electrification:

• The Ghanaian government secured $69.88 million from the African Development Bank to implement rural electrification through stand-alone solar systems, including the installation of 38 mini-grids and 12,000 rooftop solar systems for businesses and households. This initiative aims to enhance electricity access and reduce costs, supporting low-carbon socio-economic development.

Tax Exemptions:

• To support the solar sector, the Ghanaian government provides exemptions on duties and VAT for imported solar panels and off-grid solar components. This policy reduces the cost of solar installations for consumers and businesses, encouraging the adoption of renewable energy solutions.

Scaling-up Renewable Energy Program (SREP):

• The SREP aims to accelerate access to clean energy by focusing on solar projects that include mini-grids and rooftop systems. This program is part of a broader effort to increase renewable energy adoption and achieve universal electricity access in Ghana.

Renewable Energy Master Plan:

• Ghana’s Renewable Energy Master Plan outlines a strategy to enhance the use of renewable energy, including solar, aiming for a 10% contribution to the national energy mix by 2030. This comprehensive plan includes various policies and initiatives to promote renewable energy investments and infrastructure development.

Solar Rooftop Programme:

• This initiative involves installing solar panels on the roofs of homes and public buildings to reduce utility costs and promote renewable energy usage. The program offers capital subsidies to participants, who pay only for the balance of system components, while the Energy Commission provides the solar panels. This scheme is part of Ghana’s effort to increase solar energy adoption and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

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Installed Projects

Bui Solar Power Plant:

• Location: Bono Region
• Capacity: 5 MW
• Details: This floating solar PV system at the Bui Generating Station is part of a hybrid plant combining solar and hydro resources to generate renewable energy.

Kaleo Solar Project:

• Location: Upper West Region
• Capacity: 15 MW
• Details: Funded by the German government and the EU, this project aims to provide low-cost electricity to about 50,000 households and help reduce carbon emissions.

Projected Projects

Ghana Mini Grid and Solar PV Net Metering Project:

• Location: Various island and lakeside communities
• Capacity: 35 minigrids
• Details: Funded by the AfDB, World Bank’s CIF, and the Swiss government, this project involves the design, supply, and installation of solar PV systems to enhance energy access.

Eight New Solar Plants:

• Location: Northern Ghana (Yendi, Buipe, Sawla, etc)
• Capacity: various
• Details: The Bui Power Authority plans to construct eight new solar plants in northern Ghana, beginning in the first quarter of next year, to increase renewable energy production.

Peg Africa ²⁸

• Details: Peg Africa provides pay-as-you-go solar energy solutions to underserved communities, offering solar home systems that include lighting, phone charging, and small appliances. They focus on making solar energy affordable through flexible payment plans.

Zola Electric ²⁹

• Details: Zola Electric (formerly Off Grid Electric) offers solar and battery solutions for homes and businesses. Their products range from solar home systems to advanced energy storage systems, designed to provide reliable power even in off-grid locations.

Bui Power Authority (BPA) ³⁰

• Details: The BPA is responsible for managing the Bui hydroelectric project and developing solar energy projects such as the Bui Solar Power Plant, contributing to the diversification of Ghana’s energy mix with renewable sources.

Strategic Power Solutions (SPS) ³¹

• Details: SPS manufactures solar panels and provides off-grid components and PV systems. They are involved in producing both poly and mono solar modules and offer installation products for various applications.

Solar Light Company Ltd. ³²

• Details: Solar Light Company Ltd. offers a wide range of solar products including solar street lights, home systems, and water heaters. They focus on providing energy solutions that reduce electricity costs and promote environmental sustainability.