San Marino Solar Report

Gain comprehensive insights into the statistics and metrics surrounding the solar production industry in San Marino

  1. Weather & Climate (n.d). Average Monthly Sunshine in San Marino. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-hours-Sunshine,san-marino-sm,San-Marino
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  4. World Bank Group (2023). Access to electricity (% of population). Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS
  5. Britannica (n.d.). San Marino republic, Europe. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino-republic-Europe
  6. PV Know How (2024, June 27). Over 4200 private solar systems installed in San Marino. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://www.pvknowhow.com/over-4200-private-solar-systems-in-san-marino/
  7. San Marino Fixing (2025, January 22). PEN4: “Independence” is the goal, but it depends on politics. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://sanmarinofixing.com/2025/01/22/pen4-indipendenza-e-lobiettivo-ma-dipende-dalla-politica/
  8. Bluetti (n.d.). Selling Electricity: How Does It Work? Is It Worth It? Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://it.bluettipower.eu/blogs/news/vendere-energia-elettrica?srsltid=AfmBOopPxfiGgSplYHubot5hPYDAENbQwOhiWwXdxoZ6IVmnRBY2g-NP
  9. Observatory of Economic Complexity – OEC (2022). Electricity in San Marino. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/electricity/reporter/smr
  10. Argus media (2023, December 6). Italian TSO publishes stress hours for 2024 capacity. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news-and-insights/latest-market-news/2516436-italian-tso-publishes-stress-hours-for-2024-capacity
  11. A.A.S.S. Azienda Autonoma di Stato per i Servizi Pubblici (n.d.). Electricity Plan – Republic of San Marino. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://www.aass.sm/site/home/documento50026505.html
  12. IMF e-library (2022, November 23). Republic of San Marino: 2022 Article IV consultation-press release and staff report. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2022/349/article-A001-en.xml
  13. DNV (2019, July 23). San Marino Republic adopts blockchain to become the first carbon neutral country. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://www.dnv.com/news/san-marino-republic-adopts-blockchain-to-become-the-first-carbon-neutral-country–154173/
  14. World salaries (n.d.). Average Salary in San Marino for 2025. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://worldsalaries.com/average-salary-in-san-marino/
  15. World salaries (n.d.). Average Solar Photovoltaic Installer Salary in San Marino for 2025. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://worldsalaries.com/average-solar-photovoltaic-installer-salary-in-san-marino/
  16. World salaries (n.d.). Average Engineer Salary in San Marino for 2025. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://worldsalaries.com/average-engineer-salary-in-san-marino/
  17. Worldometers (n.d.). San Marino population. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/san-marino-population/
  18. Immobiliare (n.d.). Warehouses for rent San Marino. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://www.immobiliare.it/en/affitto-capannoni/san-marino/
  19. A.A.S.S. Azienda Autonoma di Stato per i Servizi Pubblici (2024). Electricity Service Rates. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://www.aass.sm/site/home/tariffe/servizio-energia-elettrica.html
  20. San Marino Fixing (2022, April 21). San Marino, water rates: 30% increase has been applied. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://sanmarinofixing.com/2022/04/21/san-marino-tariffe-idriche-scattato-laumento-del-30/#:~:text=TARIFFE%20ACQUA%20POTABILE&text=L’acqua%20potabile%20acquistata%20da,percentuale%20del%2027%2C5%25
  21. Immobiliare (n.d.). Offices for rent San Marino. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://www.immobiliare.it/en/affitto-uffici/san-marino/
  22. Statista (2024, September). Non-life insurances – Italy. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/outlook/fmo/insurances/non-life-insurances/italy
  23. UN Climate Change (2015, September 30). Submission of San Marino to the ADP. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/SAN%20MARINO%20INDC%20EN.pdf
  24. UN Climate Change (2010). The Second Communication of the Republic of San Marino to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Second_NatCom_Report_SanMarino.pdf
  25. Earth.org (2021, January 5). San Marino – Ranked 40th in the Global Sustainability Index. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://earth.org/global_sustain/san-marino-ranked-40th-in-the-global-sustainability-index/
  26. A.A.S.S. Azienda Autonoma di Stato per i Servizi Pubblici (n.d.). Photovoltaic Production in the Republic of San Marino. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://www.aass.sm/site/home/elettricita/energie-rinnovabili/produzione-fotovoltaica-nella-repubblica-di-san-marino.html
  27. Faolex (2014, April 3). Reform of Law No. 72 of May 7, 2008 – Promotion and incentive of energy efficiency in buildings and the use of renewable energy in the civil and industrial sectors. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/smr135594.pdf
  28. San Marino Fixing (2023, December 29). Energy savings: incentives for businesses. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://sanmarinofixing.com/2023/12/29/risparmi-energetici-incentivi-per-le-imprese/
  29. Etic Journal (2023, April 13). Sustainability And Green Initiatives In San Marino, San Marino. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://etichotels.com/journal/sustainability-and-green-initiatives-in-san-marino-san-marino/
  30. RTV San Marino (2024, June 24). Photovoltaics: new measures coming for young couples. Aer to the future government: ‘More incentives for businesses. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/fotovoltaico-in-arrivo-novita-per-le-giovani-coppie-aer-al-futuro-governo-piu-incentivi-per-aziende-a261121
  31. RAM srl (2019, April 17). Advantages in San Marino. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://www.ramsrl-rsm.it/i-vantaggi-a-san-marino/
  32. Segreteria di Stato Territorio, Ambiente e Agricoltura (2022). Guide to incentives for energy efficiency and plant upgrades of existing buildings, installation of renewable energy systems, earthquake risk reduction, and sustainable mobility. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://www.gov.sm/pub1/upav/dam/jcr:1819a205-6096-4eec-8d6b-ed6cbe08b8a8/Guida%20agli%20incentivi%202022.pdf
  33. Prometeo Energy (2015). News. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://www.prometeoenergy.com/3-it-250235-prometeo-energy-ha-realizzato-l-impianto-fotovoltaico-piu-grande-della-repubblica-di-san-marino.html
  34. Libertas (2011, October 14). San Marino. Tonelli inaugurates the largest photovoltaic system on the Titan. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://www.libertas.sm/san-marino-la-tonelli-inaugura-il-piu-grande-impianto-fotovoltaico-del-titano-51244/

Key points

  • All figures have been converted into USD

Yearly sunshine (sun hours per year)

San Marino receives an average of approximately 2,053 hours of sunshine annually. 1

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kWh per kWp installed

The average annual electricity production from solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in San Marino is generally the same as in Italy, approximately 1,200 kWh per kWp.2

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Average cost per kWh from utility company

The average cost per kWh from utility companies in San Marino is approximately $0.146 per kWh.3

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Reliability of electrical power supply grid

San Marino’s electricity grid is known for its reliability, with no history of frequent power cuts. The country’s electricity supply relies significantly on its interconnections with Italy, which likely contributes to this consistent reliability.4

Additionally, San Marino’s 100% electricity access reflects a well-developed and resilient infrastructure.5

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Detailed Information

  • All figures have been converted into USD

    • Total solar panel production capacity (installed)

    Total installed solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity in San Marino was approximately 22 MW.6

    Total solar panel production capacity (projected)

    The National Energy Plan (PEN4) aims to increase solar self-production to 15% of the total energy demand, up from the current 5%.67

    Average costs of various electricity generation sources (coal, natural gas, solar, etc)

    • Solar energy: 0.031 – 0.1 $/kWh 8

    Percentages of various electricity generation sources (coal, natural gas, solar, etc)

    • Import from Italy: 95% 6
    • Solar energy: 5% 9

    Average daily availability of electricity from the national grid (measured in hours)

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    The average daily availability of electricity from San Marino’s national grid is approximately 24 hours, although challenges can arise during peak demand months.

    San Marino, entirely enclosed within Italy, depends exclusively on the Italian National Transmission Network, managed by Terna Rete Italia S.p.A., for its electricity supply, via Cailungo and Rovereta high-to-medium voltage substations.

    Given this reliance, San Marino aligns its electricity system alerts and emergencies with Italy’s.

    Terna has projected that in 2024, Italy’s supply-demand balance will be strained for about 6% of the total hours, roughly 500 hours, with the most critical period occurring in July. During this month, the TSO predicts that the supply-demand balance could be under stress for a total of 188 peak hours, followed by January and February, with 86 and 80 hours of strain, respectively, due to increased heating and cooling demands.

    Number of residential solar panel installations

    6

    San Marino has installed over 4,200 private solar systems in the past 15 years, which includes both residential and larger installations.

    San Marino is a leader in solar energy production per capita, generating 450 watts of energy per capita, which places it sixth globally.

    Total number of solar farms (installed and projected)

    Currently, there are no solar farms in San Marino, as the country’s policies focus more on rooftop and private solar systems. 6

    Off-grid market demand for solar panels (current and projected)

    San Marino’s small size and its well-developed grid infrastructure contribute to the lack of demand for off-grid solar installation systems. 6

    Agrivoltaics is recognized as an effective solution for self-sufficient energy production, but its implementation is currently restricted by laws prohibiting the installation of photovoltaic systems on agricultural land. 7

    On-grid market demand for solar panels (current and projected)

    San Marino is expanding its renewable energy capacity despite land constraints, aiming to become the world’s first carbon-neutral country. To support this goal, the Republic is adopting blockchain technology to incentivize sustainable behaviors and drive digital transformation. This initiative promotes eco-friendly practices while fostering a self-sufficient clean energy ecosystem. 7

    Currently, solar panels account for just over 5% of the country’s total energy needs, with projections suggesting that self-production could reach 15% if installations expand on private and public rooftops, parking lots, and state-owned land. 12

    Additionally, the government is considering investments in large-scale solar projects abroad, estimating a 50 MW solar plant in southern Italy at a cost of €65 million. 13

    Average monthly income of workers in solar industry (labor cost)

    • The average monthly salary in San Marino is approximately $4,570. 14
    • Solar Photovoltaic Installer: the average monthly salary is approximately $2,713. 15
    • Engineer: the average monthly salary is approximately $4,305. 16

    Population of the country

    The current population of San Marino is 33,574. 17

    Average overhead costs of solar panel production (with a brief breakdown)

    Estimate for Factory Rent 18

    The average rent for warehouses in San Marino range between $3 to $6 per square meter, depending on the location and condition of the property.

    Industrial Electricity Rates 19

    In San Marino, the electricity rates for business consumers are structured depending on the usage, ranging from $2.15 to $8.08 per kWh.

    Water Costs 20

    In San Marino, urban water supply tariffs are generally based on a volumetric system, with prices ranging from $0.65 to $3.68 per cubic meter.

    Salaries and Wages 1516

    Monthly salaries of workers in solar industry in San Marino ranges from $2,713 to $4,305, depending on the position.

    Rent for Office Space 21

    In San Marino, the monthly rent price for office space varies from $4 to $13.9 per square meter, depending on size and amenities.

    Insurance 22

    There is no specific information available regarding the average spending per capita for non-life insurance in San Marino. However, it is expected to be close to the value for Italy, which is estimated to be $552.10 in 2025.

    A summary of the energy infrastructure

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    Energy Mix

    San Marino, due to its small territory, has limited access to renewable energy sources like hydroelectric, wind, or geothermal power. As a result, in recent years, the government has focused on promoting the development of solar energy, particularly solar PV, through various incentives, benefits, and bonuses. Since the country relies entirely on energy imports and lacks domestic fossil fuel resources or energy production facilities, these efforts aim to reduce dependency on imported energy.

    Key Institutions

    • Government of San Marino: Drives initiatives like the “San Marino Low Carbon Ecosystem” to reduce emissions and promote sustainability.
    • San Marino Innovation: Incorporated to foster innovation and implement blockchain technology for environmental goals.

    Export / Import

    All energy is imported, primarily from Italy, with no exports. In 2022, electricity was the top imported product in San Marino, valued at $85.2M.

    Historically, contracts have been with Italian companies like ENEL TRADE S.p.A. and ENI GAS S.p.A.

    Key Projects

    • Solar Energy Development: Promoting solar PV installations to enhance renewable energy capacity.
    • Blockchain-Based Low Carbon Ecosystem: Aims to reduce emissions and encourage sustainable practices through blockchain technology.

    Some of the government regulations surrounding solar panel production

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    Technical Regulations for Photovoltaic Systems: The Autonomous State Company for Public Services (AASS) has specific technical regulations for the installation of photovoltaic systems, which include procedures for grid connection and required documentation.

    Energy Efficiency Law: The law promotes the use of renewable energy and includes measures for energy efficiency in buildings, including the integration of photovoltaic systems.

    Certifications and Standards: Photovoltaic modules must be produced by companies with ISO 9001, OHSAS 18001, and ISO 14001 certifications, and must comply with the technical standards outlined in the CEI 82-25 Guide.

    Grid Connection: Each photovoltaic system must have a single connection point to the electrical grid, not shared with other systems.

    Energy Audit: Companies must submit an energy audit signed by an authorized technician to access any available incentives.

    Government initiatives in solar panel production (includes investments and subsidies)

    629303132

    Discounts and Financing Options: The government provides a discount of approximately $1,038 for private citizens installing solar systems. Additionally, financing options with monthly payments of $207 over five years are available for couples under 39.

    Tax Incentives: San Marino provides tax breaks for both individuals and businesses installing solar panels, helping to reduce upfront costs and improve the return on investment. The 70% tax deduction allows for the recovery of photovoltaic system costs by reducing the tax burden by 50% annually over 10 years when filing the tax return.

    Energy Exchange Policy: The country allows on-site energy exchange, enabling private solar system owners to send excess energy back into the grid and retrieve it as needed, eliminating the need for expensive batteries.

    Rental Options: Residents can install solar systems remotely by renting rooftops or surfaces outside their property, making solar energy accessible even in historic areas or condominiums.

    Incentives for Companies: The government has announced its intention to increase incentives for companies investing in photovoltaics.

    Energy Efficiency Incentives: Incentives for energy efficiency in buildings may include contributions of up to 40% of the expenses, with a maximum of $18,670.

    Notable solar projects in the country (installed and projected)

    Prometeo Energy’s system at Colorificio Sammarinese:  This system is the largest in the Republic of San Marino, with a capacity of 700 kW and uses 2,409 monocrystalline photovoltaic modules. The system was designed to reduce CO2 emissions and improve business sustainability. 33

    Tonelli of Rovereta’s photovoltaic system: This system has a capacity of 636,000 kWh per year and uses 2,160 photovoltaic panels. The installation was completed in under two months and is designed to make the company nearly independent from the national electric grid. By avoiding the consumption of 142,000 kilograms of oil, it helps reduce CO2 emissions by 342,000 kilograms annually. The system significantly contributes to the company’s sustainability efforts and supports the broader shift towards renewable energy in the region.34

    Some of the notable solar companies (plus brief details on what they do)

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    Prometeo Energy

    • Headquarters: San Marino
    • Website: https://www.prometeoenergy.com/
    • Details: Prometeo Energy specializes in designing and installing solar energy systems, focusing on sustainability and energy efficiency for residential and commercial clients.

    Energon

    • Headquarters: San Marino
    • Website: http://www.energongroup.com/
    • Details: This company provides comprehensive solar energy solutions, including installation, maintenance, and consulting services tailored to meet the needs of various sectors.

    San Marino Energia Solare

    • Headquarters: San Marino
    • Website: https://www.sanmarinoenergiasolare.com/
    • Details: This company offers consulting and project design services for solar energy systems, aiming to reduce energy costs and enhance energy independence for local residents.

    Energreen

    • Headquarters: San Marino
    • Website: https://www.energreen.sm/
    • Details: EnerGreen focuses on renewable energy projects, particularly solar installations, promoting sustainable practices through innovative technology and customer-centric solutions.

    RAM srl

    • Headquarters: San Marino
    • Website: https://www.ramsrl-rsm.it/
    • Details: The company offers a range of renewable energy services with a strong emphasis on solar technology, helping clients transition to sustainable energy sources.

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