As of 2022, Morocco’s capacity of solar energy stands at 858 MW Additionally, Morocco has the world’s largest concentrated solar power plant, the Noor-Ouarzazate complex, which covers 3,000 hectares and uses curved mirrors to concentrate sunlight for power generation.⁵

Morocco has set ambitious goals for its solar energy production. By 2030, the country aims to have 52% of its electricity mix come from renewables, including 20% from solar.Therefore, by 2030, Morocco is expected to have a solar energy capacity of approximately 4 GW.⁶

The finding specific and exact energy prices by source in Kenya is challenging due to limited data availability online. The prices of electricity in Morocco are:³²⁷

• Coal: 0.06 – 0.08 USD per kWh
• Natural Gas: 0.05 – 0.07 USD per kWh
• Wind: 0.03 – 0.05 USD per kWh
• Solar: 0.03 – 0.06 USD per kWh
• Fuel Oil: 0.08 – 0.10 USD per kWh

Morocco’s electricity production is primarily fueled by coal, natural gas, solar, etc. Following are the electricity generation percentages from different sources:⁸

• Coal: 37.25%
• Natural Gas: 17.72%
• Hydroelectricity: 16.70%
• Wind: 13.48%
• Solar: 7.82%
• Fuel Oil: 7.03%​

In Morocco, the average daily availability of electricity from the national grid is very high. Precise daily availability in hours is challenging due to limited data on internet. The country has achieved near-universal access to electricity, with more than 99% of the population connected to the national grid. Typically, the electricity supply is available for 24 hours a day throughout the year. However, occasional outages may occur, but these are relatively infrequent and generally short in duration.⁹⁴

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Morocco has implemented programs specifically targeting residential solar installations.The Morocco Solar Home Systems (SHS) project is a Masdar-led initiative in partnership with Morocco’s Office National de l’Electricitéet de l’Eau Potable (ONEE). It provides 19,438 solar home systems in over 1,000 villages in the Kingdom of Morocco.The solar home systems, along with broader electrification initiatives, will provide 99 per cent of rural Morocco with access to energy, enhancing the lives of more than 116,000 people that did not previously have access to electricity.

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As of 2023, Morocco has developed several significant utility-scale solar farms and has ambitious plans for further expansion. There’s no single source with an exact count of utility-scale solar farms in Morocco (both installed and projected. The Noor Ouarzazate Solar Complex is largest solar project having 7 solar project pahses with total capacity of approximately 1380 MW.

By 2030, Morocco has ambitious renewable energy goals to achieve a total installed solar capacity of 5,000 MW as part of its renewable energy strategy. Solar is expected to play a significant role in achieving this target. Recent investments of $9 billion into solar further suggest continued development of utility-scale farms.

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• Market Size:More than 50 thousand off- grid PV systems, covering more than 100 thousand homes, were installed during the program, and IRENA assessed a total off-grid PV capacity higher than 20 MW.
• Growth Projection:Morocco aims to increase renewables in its electricity mix to 52% by 2030, comprising 20% solar, 20% wind, and 12% hydro.

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• Current:As of 2022, Morocco has a renewable energy capacity of 3.45 gigawatts, making it one of the largest renewable energy markets on the African continent.
• Projected:The Solar Energy market in Morocco is projected to grow by 3.76% between 2024 and 2028, resulting in a market volume of 1.24 Gigawatts-hours in 2028.

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The average monthly salaries for solar energy professionals include:

• Solar Design Engineer: $1,760 USD per month
• Solar Sales Manager: $2,217 USD per month
• Solar Sales Representative: $ 2,116 USD per month
• Labor Working in Solar: $500-1000 USD per Month
• Solar Electrician: $825.04 USD per month

As of the latest data, the population of Morocco is approximately 38.2 million people.¹⁷

The average overhead cost of solar panel production in Morocco includes several key components.

Raw Material Costs

Raw materials such as silicon, aluminum, and copper are significant contributors to the overall cost. The prices of these materials fluctuate based on global supply and demand.

Labor Costs

Labor costs in Morocco are relatively moderate compared to many other countries. The average labor cost for solar panel manufacturing is around $5 to $10per hour​.³¹

Minimum Wage:

• Public Sector: Around $370 USD per month (MAD 3,675).
• Private Sector: $315 USD per month or $1.65 USD per hour
• Agricultural Sector: Daily minimum wage of around $8 USD
• Average Salary: The average sits around $500 USD per month but can vary significantly by industry, experience, and location

Utility Costs

The energy-intensive nature of solar panel production requires substantial electricity.

• Electricity Cost: The cost of electricity for industrial users in Morocco is approximately $0.106 per kWh​³
• Water Charges: While specific commercial water charges in Morocco vary by location, they generally follow an increasing block rate structure, meaning the price per cubic meter rises with consumption. There is no exact tariff is available.

Facility Maintenance²⁹³⁰

Maintenance costs, including rent, equipment maintenance, and repairs, range from $2,000 to $6,000 per month depending on the facility’s size and location. The rent of living apartments are as follows:

In Morocco, the cost of renting industrial buildings in major industrial areas like Bouknadel can be approximately $6,000 per month for a 2000 sqm facility, including two floors and two bathrooms. These facilities are compliant with urban planning standards and suitable for ONSSA permits

Administrative Expenses¹⁸¹⁹

Administrative expenses include salaries for administrative staff, office supplies, and other general expenses, which typically account for about 5 to 12% of the total production cost.

The average monthly salaries for solar energy professionals include:

• Solar Electrician: $825.04 USD per month
• Solar Sales Manager: $2,217.30 USD per month
• Solar Design Engineer: $1,760.00 USD per month

Quality Control

Quality control expenses are essential to ensure the solar panels meet performance and safety standards. This includes costs for testing and inspections.

Total Overhead Costs

Combining these various components, the total overhead costs for solar panel production in Morocco are typically around 20-30% of the total production cost. This includes all the aforementioned factors and their respective contributions.

• Raw Material Costs: Variable
• Labor Costs: $5 to $10 per hour
• Utility Costs: $0.106 per kWh
• Facility Maintenance: $2,000 to $6,000 per month
• Total Overhead Costs: 20-30% of total production costs

These factors combined make up the overhead costs for solar panel production in Morocco, reflecting the country’s cost structure in the renewable energy sector​

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• Imported Hydrocarbons: Morocco heavily depends on imported hydrocarbons for its energy needs, with approximately 90% of energy being imported.
• Renewable Energy: The country has made significant strides in renewable energy. As of 2022, the share of renewable energy in the electrical capacity mix stood at 38%, equivalent to 4,154 MW. Morocco aims to increase this share to over 52% by 2030
• Renewable Energy Projects:The Moroccan Agency for Sustainable Energy (MASEN) supports renewable energy projects, offering a streamlined process for private project developers. Independent Power Producers (IPPs) can develop renewable energy projects and sell electricity to consumers.Morocco’s legislative and regulatory framework has been enhanced to promote private sector participation in renewable energy.

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Reform of Law 13-09 on Renewable Energy:

• The Moroccan government has comprehensively reformed the legal framework governing the renewable energy sector.
• Law 13-09, which previously regulated the production and sale of electricity from renewable sources in private projects, has been revised.
• These reforms aim to adapt the legal framework to the State’s needs and enhance viability for private and industrial operators

Self-Generation of Electricity:

• Before the Reform, Moroccan law lacked a specific framework for self-generation of electricity.
• Law 82-21 now governs the self-production of electrical energy, providing guidelines for self-generating electricity.
• Law 48-15 regulates the electricity sector and establishes the National Electricity
• Regulation Agency (ANRE) to oversee these processes.

Renewable Energy Projects:

• The Moroccan Agency for Sustainable Energy (MASEN) supports renewable energy projects, offering a streamlined process for private developers.
• Independent Power Producers (IPPs) can develop renewable energy projects and sell electricity to consumers.
• Morocco aims for renewable energy to constitute over 52%of total installed capacity by 2030 

Morocco has made significant investments in solar energy projects. Here are some key points:²³

Investment in Solar Projects:

• Morocco has invested $5.2 billion in solar projects so far.
• The Noor Ouarzazate complex serves as an example of the country’s potential regarding renewable energy.
• The complex consists of four power stations: Noor I (160 MW), Noor II (200 MW), Noor III (150 MW), and the planned Noor IV (72 MW).
• These stations use different renewable technologies, including Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)and conventional photovoltaic cells.

Renewable Energy Goals:

• Morocco aims to generate 80%of its electricity from renewable energy resources by 2050.
• Currently, Morocco produces 4,030 MWfrom renewable energy out of a total generating capacity of 11,000 MW.
• An additional 4,516 MW of constructed or planned renewable energy is available to the country.
• The government is committed to providing nationwide electricity access to 100% of the population, with a focus on schools, mosques, and homes.

Exporting Energy:

• Morocco plans to export energy to Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom.
• The Xlinks project aims to broaden Morocco’s renewables export market to the UK.

Certainly! Morocco has made significant strides in solar energy projects. Here are some notable ones:²⁵²⁶

Project Name: Noor Ouarzazate Solar Complex:

• Installed Capacity:750GWh Per Anum.
• Location: Drâa-Tafilalet region of Morocco

Project Name: Noor Laayoune Solar PV Park

• Installed Capacity: 84.50 MW
• Location: Laayoune-Sakia, El Hamra, Morocco

Project Name:Xlinks Morocco-UK Solar Project

• Installed Capacity: 7,000 MW
• Location: Guelmim-Oued Noun, Morocco

Project Name: CEEC Morocco Hydrogen PV Park

• Installed Capacity: 2,000 MW
• Location: Morocco

Morocco has been at the forefront of solar energy projects, and several notable future initiatives are in the pipeline:

Xlinks Morocco-UK Solar and Wind with Storage(In Development)

• Installed Capacity: 11.5 GW
• Location:Guelmim-Oued Noun, Morocco

Dunes Green Hydrogen Solar PV Project (In Development)

• Installed Capacity: 7000 MW
• Location: Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab, Morocco.

CEEC Morocco Hydrogen PV Park (In Development)

• Installed Capacity: 2,000 MW
• Location: Morocco (Exact location details are still emerging)

Noor Midelt III Solar PV Project (Tender Phase)

• Installed Capacity: 400 MW
• Location: Midelt, Drâa-Tafilalet, Morocco

Benguerir and Khouribga Solar PV Project (In Development)

• Installed Capacity: 40 MW
• Location: Benguerir and Khouribga, Morocco

Morocco has seen significant growth in its solar industry, with several notable companies driving the renewable energy revolution. Here are some noteable solar companies making an impact:²⁷

• Cleanergy Morocco: Renowned for its expertise in designing and implementing solar projects, Cleanergy offers comprehensive services from feasibility studies to installation and maintenance of solar systems.
• ALROMAR ENERGIE: A prominent player in Morocco’s solar market, ALROMAR ENERGIE provides turnkey solutions for residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. Their advanced engineering capabilities have led to successful large-scale projects across the country.
• Green Energy Solutions: Dedicated to sustainable development, Green Energy Solutions designs customized photovoltaic systems tailored to meet specific energy requirements. Their emphasis on quality components and exceptional customer service sets them apart.
• Solaris Maroc: A leading provider of integrated renewable energy solutions, Solaris Maroc contributes to Morocco’s solar growth.
• Volta Solar, Jet Energy, and Suntech Morocco are also notable players in the Moroccan solar industry, each contributing to the country’s clean energy goals.
• Solar Power Maroc, Energiestro, and EDF Renewables Morocco are additional companies making strides in solar energy development.